Tulang belakang adalah sokongan utama dari struktur badan – ia berkat kepadanya bahawa kestabilan organisma dipastikan, dan semua organ berada di tempat yang tegas. Hanya berfikir, jika tidak ada, kita tidak boleh berjalan atau berdiri atau duduk!
Tetapi di samping rujukan, teras utama badan juga menjalankan fungsi perlindungan, tetapi ia melindungi saraf tunjang dan, dengan itu, sistem saraf kita daripada kerosakan luaran.
Kami mencari sebabnya
Salah satu masalah kesihatan yang paling umum yang berkaitan dengan badan itu, adalah spondylolisthesis – anjakan (subluxation) dalam bahagian tertentu tulang belakang seorang saudara sedikit atau satu vertebra yang lain, menyebabkan ketidakselesaan, kesakitan dan gangguan organ-organ lain.
Dalam kolom vertebral seseorang terdapat 33-34 vertebra: 7 serviks, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral dan 4-5 bahagian tulang belakang. Disebabkan oleh fakta bahawa kebanyakan kawasan tak terlindung bimbit tulang belakang adalah leher, terkehel serviks yang paling biasa, sekurang-kurangnya kepada doktor mengadu tentang anjakan tulang belakang lumbar.
Cari di dalam sambungan spondylolisthesis ini boleh berlaku, apa tanda, simptom dan akibat patologi ini dan apa rawatan adalah perlu dalam kes-kes ini.
Penyebab patologi
Penyebab utama bias adalah faktor berikut:
- degenerasi berkaitan dengan usia tisu tulang (penyakit ini menjejaskan kebanyakan orang tua, lebih 60 tahun);
- kecederaan tulang belakang (patah tulang, kehelan, kecederaan belakang);
- penyakit di mana cakera intervertebral tidak berfungsi dengan betul (misalnya, osteochondrosis);
- tekanan yang kerap berlaku pada tulang belakang (sebagai contoh, sukan tertentu);
- anjakan vertebra serviks sering berlaku kerana kelemahan tisu tulang;
- anjakan tulang belakang lumbar boleh disebabkan oleh keabnormalan tulang belakang, ciri-ciri kekurangan gabungan vertebra “jiran“(Penyakit ini dipanggil spondylolysis);
- Pada bayi, anjakan vertebra serviks boleh berkembang akibat trauma kelahiran.
sebab-sebab yang kurang biasa terkehel serviks, toraks dan vertebra lumbar adalah faktor-faktor seperti penginapan yang lama dalam satu kedudukan, perubahan yang melampau dalam suhu dan iklim, operasi tidak berjaya dilakukan, menjejaskan integriti fungsi sokongan dan sebab-sebab lain.
Gejala dan tanda-tanda anjakan vertebra
Gejala patologi sangat luas dan bergantung kepada di mana jabatan proses anjakan berlaku.
Petunjuk berikut adalah tanda biasa anjakan:
- kesemutan di bahagian bawah, bahagian atas dan / atau belakang;
- manifestasi scoliosis;
- sakit akut atau kusam di bahagian tertentu tulang belakang, memberi kepada organ lain;
- peningkatan keletihan;
- mati rasa badan di kawasan pergeseran vertebra.
Gejala perpindahan vertebra serviks, sebagai tambahan kepada perkara di atas, juga:
- sakit kepala berkala atau kronik;
- rasa tidak selesa di bahagian serviks;
- insomnia kronik;
- gementar;
- penurunan ketajaman visual;
- bunyi bising di telinga;
- suara serak;
- deria vertebra serviks semasa pergerakan tajam (bertukar kepala, kecenderungan).
Gejala penyusutan vertebra thoracic termasuk:
- batuk yang teruk, sesak nafas, kadang-kadang lemas;
- sakit di buah pinggang, hati;
- ulser duodenum dan / atau perut.
Gejala spondylolisthesis tulang belakang sakral dan lumbar boleh ditunjukkan sebagai:
- kepincangan;
- cirit-birit kronik atau sembelit (mereka juga boleh ganti);
- urat varicose, edema pada kaki;
- buasir;
- enuresis (inkontinensia kencing);
- prostatitis (lelaki);
- keguguran, kelahiran dengan patologi (pada wanita).
Perhatikan! Tidak mustahil untuk mendiagnosis diri anda berdasarkan gejala-gejala tertentu – walaupun seorang doktor yang berpengalaman, setelah mendengar aduan pesakit, hanya dapat mengambil diagnosis. Dan kaedah pemeriksaan tambahan dapat mengesahkan penyakit: MRI, tomografi dan radiografi yang dikira.
Kesan anjakan
Pemindahan vertebra adalah penting pada masa yang tepat untuk mengenal pasti dan mendiagnosis. Kualiti rawatan yang kurang baik atau ketiadaannya boleh dipenuhi dengan kejadian semula jadi penyakit lain.
Akibat dari anjakan tulang belakang serviks boleh ditunjukkan dalam bentuk masalah berikut:
- penyakit otolaryngologi (laringitis, angina, gangguan pendengaran);
- kerosakan kepada otot leher;
- penyelewengan tali vokal;
- keradangan beg periartikular bagi humerus;
- neuritis atau neuralgia.
Anjakan vertebra (atau vertebra) di kawasan torak boleh menyebabkan kesan berikut:
- batuk, asma, kesukaran bernafas, bronkitis, pleurisy, radang paru-paru;
- hipotensi (tekanan darah rendah);
- penyakit perut, limpa, hati, buah pinggang;
- gangguan peredaran darah;
- ulser, gastritis.
Akibat penghapusan vertebra rantau lumbar ditunjukkan sebagai:
- gangguan pencernaan (sembelit atau cirit-birit), inkontinensia kencing, kencing yang kerap;
- penyakit sistem genitouriner;
- sakit di bahagian bawah;
- peredaran darah yang lemah, kelemahan, kesakitan dan kekejangan di kaki.
Anjakan vertebra (atau satu vertebra) dari sacrum atau coccygeal boleh mengakibatkan akibat berikut:
- penyakit sendi sacroiliac;
- kesakitan di coccyx.
Rawatan
Rawatan spondylolisthesis boleh dibahagikan kepada dua kategori: konservatif (tanpa campur tangan pembedahan) dan pembedahan.
Konservatif serviks rawatan berat sebelah, toraks, lumbar dan vertebra suci terdiri dalam kaedah berikut: terapi fizikal, terapi fizikal, memakai korset khas urut terapeutik dan akupunktur.
terkehel serviks disertai dengan kebas di kaki atas, biasanya dirawat pentadbiran epidural persediaan hormon, yang membolehkan untuk menghentikan bengkak dan mengurangkan kesakitan.
Oleh terapi konservatif terkehel serviks merujuk juga untuk memastikan leher dan kepala yang lain, jadi pesakit dengan terkehel serviks (atau vertebra) sentiasa disyorkan rehat di atas katil.
Rawatan spondylolysis di mana-mana laman web juga tidak boleh dilakukan tanpa terapi manual. Tetapi jangan fikir bahawa rayuan kepada yang pertama “manual“Akan membawa kesan yang lama ditunggu-tunggu. Tanpa gagal, sebelum anda mempercayai doktor dan memulakan rawatan, pastikan dia berwibawa dan berkelayakan.
Jika terapi konservatif selepas gejala terus menjadi lebih teruk, doktor menetapkan pembedahan – pembedahan invasif minimum untuk mengurangkan dan memudahkan pemulihan selepas pembedahan dan ketara mengurangkan kemungkinan komplikasi.
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